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maandag 20 september 2010
zaterdag 18 september 2010
vrijdag 17 september 2010
Aspartame and MSG A Cover-up of Major Proportions
Amplify’d from www.wanttoknow.info
Aspartame and MSG
A Cover-up of Major Proportions
The incredibly revealing video documentary Sweet Misery has saved many lives. It takes us on a journey across the U.S. interviewing highly respected doctors, neurosurgeons, federal health officials, and concerned individuals who lay out clearly the high risks and dangers of ingesting excitotoxins like aspartame (contained in sugar substitutes NutraSweet, Equal) and MSG. These professionals describe in detail a major cover-up by elements of government and industry to keep these serious risks out of the public eye.
If you care about your health and the health of your family and friends, Sweet Misery is a must-watch video which can empower you to make a difference on this vital topic. Even if you have only a few minutes, don't miss at least watching the first part of this empowering video which will show you the hidden dangers of aspartame and MSG. A 10-minute Fox News clip listed below further drives the point home. And the "What You Can Do" box underneath these links gives great ideas on how to further educate yourself and spread the word. You can help to save lives with this critical information.
Sweet Misery (90 minutes) is available for free viewing at:
http://www.personalgrowthcourses.net/video/aspartame_dangers
To purchase Sweet Misery:
http://www.sweetremedyradio.com/pages/sweetmisery.html
For a revealing 10-minute Fox News clip presenting the serious dangers of aspartame:
http://www.personalgrowthcourses.net/video/aspartame_risks_dangers_fox_news
For another excellent documentary showing the proven risks and dangers of GM food in our food supply:
http://www.WantToKnow.info/healthvideodocumentaryfutureoffood
For three excellent educational websites with treasure troves of quality information on the risks and dangers of aspartame, click here, here and here. For a program developed by a respected M.D. to speed detoxification from the effects of aspartame, click here. For a list of over 50 scientific studies showing the dangers of aspartame to human health, see the bottom of the highly informative webpage on aspartame available here. And for lots more reliable information critical to your health, see our Health Information Center.
- Inform your media and political representatives of these critical health video documentaries and this important information. To contact those close to you, click here. Urge them to tackle the vital topic of food industry greed, corruption, and collusion with government.
- Read a revealing two-page review of a book by one of the top MD's in the US showing an astounding level of corruption and collusion in the health industry at this link.
- Learn more about how to improve your health in this lesson from the free Insight Course.
- Read concise summaries of revealing major media reports on health issues available here.
- Visit our Health Information Center at www.WantToKnow.info/healthinformation.
- Spread this news to your friends and colleagues, and bookmark this article on key news websites using the "Share This" icon on this page, so that we can fill the role at which the major media is sadly failing. Together, we can make a difference.
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woensdag 15 september 2010
dinsdag 14 september 2010
vrijdag 10 september 2010
Mechanisme van Antikythera
 Deel van mechanisme  Schema van de tandwielen  Reconstructie Het Mechanisme van Antikythera (ca. 140- 80 v. Chr.) is een analoge computer met door corrosie aangetaste bronzen tandwielen, dat in 1901 uit een gezonken schip werd opgedoken, in de buurt van het Griekse eiland Antikythera. Het is te zien in het Nationaal Archeologisch Museum van Athene en bleek gebruikt te kunnen worden om ingewikkelde astronomische tijdsberekeningen mee uit te voeren, zoals het berekenen van zonsverduisteringen. In 2008 werd ontdekt dat daarnaast ook de kalender van culturele evenementen (de Olympische Spelen en de de Spelen van Naa in Dodona) toegepast werd.[1][2] Het gebruik van Corynthische namen van maanden wijst op een herkomst of bestemming in Corinthe of haar koloniën op Sicilië als Syracuse of Taurominion. Volgens de Scientific American van December 2009 worden er vier spelen genoemd:
WerkingHet uit de eerste of tweede eeuw voor Chr. stammende mechanisme bestaat uit verschillende lagen gegraveerde platen en tandwielen. Het mechanisme gaf informatie over de stand van de zon, de maan en vier van de toen bekende planeten. Een maanwijzer gaf de maanfasen weer, een andere wijzer gaf informatie over de opkomst en de ondergang van de voornaamste heldere sterren. Het was zo geavanceerd dat een datum ingevoerd kon worden door middel van een aantal draaischijven waarna de gewenste informatie op de wijzerplaten getoond werd. En omgekeerd, door de wijzer op een belangwekkende astronomische gebeurtenis te zetten (maansverduistering bijv.) kon de bijbehorende datum afgelezen worden. De datum werd enerzijds aangegeven op de Egyptische 365 dags-kalender, anderzijds (op de achterkant) via de Metonische 235 lunaire maanden kalender. (SA dec. 2009) Naar schatting bestond het mechanisme uit circa 38 individuele tandwielen, waarvan slechts een deel gevonden is (29 tandwielen zijn via röntgenonderzoek geïdentificeerd). Voor het bepalen en reconstrueren van de werking hebben onderzoekers dan ook veronderstellingen moeten maken. Desondanks staat vast dat het Mechanisme van Antikythera meer dan 1200 jaar het ingewikkeldste navigatieinstrument was dat geproduceerd is. Sommige tandwielen waren epicyclisch, anders gezegd een tandwieltje op een tandwieltje, zodat nog complexere zaken uitgerekend konden worden zoals zon- en maansverduisteringen. Latere modellen kenmerkten zich door een veel lagere complexiteit met circa 8 tandwielen. Het mechanisme getuigt van een vakmanschap dat pas in de 18e eeuw weer bereikt werd.[3] OnderzoekHelaas is veel van het mechanisme verloren geraakt en zijn de restanten, die in een museum in Athene te bezichtigen zijn, door corrosiezodanig aangetast dat het meer dan een eeuw heeft geduurd voordat het mechanisme goed doorgrond kon worden. Het bedrijf X-Tek heeft in 2006 door middel van microfocus CT-scans een beter inzicht gekregen in het inwendige van het apparaat. In het tijdschrift Nature van 29 november 2006 werd beschreven hoe het mechanisme waarschijnlijk gewerkt heeft.[4][5] Het apparaat bestaat nu uit 82 brokstukken (7 grote stukken (A - G) en 75 kleine brokken (1-75)) HerkomstHet is nog onduidelijk waar het mechanisme vandaan komt, maar de Corynthische maandnamen wijzen op een herkomst of bestemming in Corinthe of haar koloniën op Sicilië als Syracuse of Taurominion. Mogelijk is het ontworpen door de sterrenkundigePosidonius (ca. 135 v.Chr. - 51 v. Chr.) die op Rhodos leefde. Ook Hipparchus (ca. 190 v.Chr. - 120 v.Chr.) zou wel eens de maker kunnen zijn. Ook hij leefde op Rhodos, wat in die tijd een vooraanstaand centrum voor sterrenkunde was. Ook Archimedes' werk zou wel eens van invloed kunnen zijn geweest op het ontwerp van het Mechanisme van Antikythera. Een verband met Syracuse zou kunnen verwijzen naar Archimedes, die volgens Cicero een planetarium gemaakt had en een verloren boek schreef over sterrenkundige berekeningen. Zo is bekend dat de generaal Marcellus na de slag van Syracuse (waarbij Archimedes stierf) slecht één oorlogsbuit meenam, een astronomisch instrument. Misschien een voorloper van het Antikythera mechanisme? Externe links
Literatuur
Categorieën: Astronomisch uurwerk | Navigatie-instrument | Griekenland in de oudheid | Geschiedenis van de computer |Rekenmachine | Archeologische vondst Questions for article: |
This article is from Wikipedia. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
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The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project
The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project
February 6, 2010ChristopherLeave a commentGo to comments
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The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project is an international collaboration of academic researchers, supported by some of the world’s best high-technology companies, which aims to completely reassess the function and significance of the Antikythera Mechanism.
Project Overview
More than a hundred years ago an extraordinary mechanism was found by sponge divers at the bottom of the sea near the island of Antikythera. It astonished the whole international community of experts on the ancient world. Was it an astrolabe? Was it an Orrery or an astronomical clock? Or something else?
For decades, scientific investigation failed to yield much light and relied more on imagination than the facts. However research over the last half century has begun to reveal its secrets. It dates from around the end of the 2nd century B.C. and is the most sophisticated mechanism known from the ancient world. Nothing as complex is known for the next thousand years. The Antikythera Mechanism is now understood to be dedicated to astronomical phenomena and operates as a complex mechanical "computer" which tracks the cycles of the Solar System.
Previous researchers have used the latest technologies available to them -such as x-ray analysis- to try to begin to unravel its complex mysteries. Now a new initiative is building on this previous work, using the very latest techniques available today. The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project is an international collaboration of academic researchers, supported by some of the world’s best high-technology companies, which aims to completely reassess the function and significance of the Antikythera Mechanism.
The project is under the aegis of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture and was initially supported by a grant from the Leverhulme Trust, UK. More details bout subsequent funding are here. The project has received strong backing from the National Archaeological Museum in Athens, which is custodian of this unique artifact. Two of the Museum’s senior staff, Head of Chemistry, Eleni Magou, and Archaeologist-museologist, Mary Zafeiropoulou, have co-ordinated the Museum’s side of the project and are actively involved with the research.
One UK and two Greek universities are the core of the academic research group -the astronomer Mike Edmunds and the mathematician and filmmaker Tony Freeth (University of Cardiff), the astronomer John Seiradakis (University of Thessalonica), the astronomer Xenophon Moussas and the physicist and historian of science Yanis Bitsakis (University of Athens). And last, but not least, the philologist and palaeographer Agamemnon Tselikas (NBG Cultural Foundation).
During the first data-gathering phase in the autumn of 2005, the most innovative technologies were used to reveal unknown elements of the mechanism. This research was carried out by two world-class high technology companies, Hewlett Packard (US) and X-Tek Systems (UK). X-Tek’s superb three-dimensional x-rays were imaged using software from the leading German company, Volume Graphics. Technical support was also provided by the University of Keele (UK). The whole process was filmed by Tony Freeth’s Film and Television production company, Images First, for a forthcoming TV documentary.
During September 2005, three specialized scientists from Hewlett-Packard’s Mobile and Media Systems Laboratory came to Athens with their innovative digital imaging system to examine the surface inscriptions and other features on the Antikythera Mechanism. The HP team, Tom Malzbender, Dan Gelb and Bill Ambrisco-brought with them a remarkable piece of specialist equipment: a Dome that surrounds the sample under examination and takes a series of still photos to analyze the three-dimensional structure of the surface. This enables astonishingly detailed examination of fine details such as faded and worn inscriptions. It has been a revelation for the research team. See here for this data.
During October 2005, another team of specialists from the cutting-edge company, X-Tek Systems, came to Athens. Led by the company’s pioneering proprietor, Roger Hadland, the group of experts consisted of David Bate, Andrew Ramsey, Martin Allen, Alan Crawley and Peter Hockley. Their aim was to use the very latest x-ray technology to look at the internal structure of the mechanism with its complex and confusing gear trains. With them they brought the prototype of a very powerful new x-ray machine, the eight-tonne "Bladerunner". Originally designed to search for minute cracks in turbine blades, this machine gives astonishingly detailed three-dimensional x-rays, using the latest "microfocus" x-ray techniques. It has opened a remarkable window on microscopic internal details of inscriptions and gearing at a resolution better than a tenth of a millimeter. Inscriptions can now be read that have not been seen for more than two thousand years and this is helping to build a comprehensive picture of the functions of the Antikythera Mechanism. Browse here some of the initial images from the Blade Runner.
This is work-in-progress and results are emerging on a stable basis as the data is analyzed.
The Data
The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project is providing definitive data on the three-dimensional structure of the Antikythera Mechanism and its surface inscriptions—to ensure indefinite conservation of the priceless information content of this spectacular artifact.
This data is available in a digital data archive for future researchers and we are confident that this will stimulate a new and more dynamic era in the history of research on this unique artifact.
More than one Terabyte of data (1000 Gigabytes) has been collected and processed. The data consists of:
- Digital photographs
- Surface imaging (PTMs)
- X-rays (2D and 3D)
Two data sets are available online:
1. The full resolution PTMs, at the HP Labs download page. 82 PTMs are available, from the 82 remaining fragments of the Mechanism (the number of PTMs, 82, is a coincidence, since some small fragments are grouped into a single PTM, and the larger fragments are imaged on more than one PTM per fragment. You can also browse a beautiful interactive relighting of the Mechanism here.
2. The Digital Radiographs of all the known remaining fragments of the Antikythera Mechanism, acquired by X-Tek Systems with the BladeRunner System, are available for viewing and download on the website of Shaw Inspection Systems (formerly X-Tek Industrial).
Extensive data from Computed Tomography (CT) can not be released online at this time, since the data sets are much too large. Researchers interested in accessing the CT data should contact the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project.
Some partial results can be browsed online:
1. Images from the data gathering phase, the people, and the Mechanism (CT slices, animations etc.)
2. Presentations in Athens, May 30 2006
3. Fragments, Glyphs & Inscriptions, Gears ("Nature" Supplementary Information and submitted version of the main article in November 2006)
Source: The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project
Publications
The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project (AMRP) publishes results on a stable basis, as data is processed and results are analyzed [last update: November 20, 2009].
The first article was published in "Nature" in 2006: Decoding the ancient Greek astronomical calculator known as the Antikythera Mechanism
Subsequently, a second article was published in "Nature" in 2008, whit authors being members of the research project and scientific collaborators from the field of history of astronomy: Calendars with Olympiad display and eclipse prediction on the Antikythera Mechanism
Before the creation of the AMRP, two members had already published scholarly articles on the Mechanism. The first was Mike Edmunds, in 2000:
The Antikythera Mechanism: still a mystery of Greek Astronomy.
Tony Freeth published two articles in 2002:
The Antikythera Mechanism: 1. Challenging the classic research
The Antikythera Mechanism: 2. Is it Posidonius’ orrery?
In 2009, Tony Freeth has also published this article in Scientific American, fifty years after Derek Price’s initial article in the same journal.
In addition to these, the AMRP published two booklets:
One catalogue to accompany an exhibition at the Whipple Museum of the History of Science, University of Cambridge, in July 2008: The Antikythera Mechansm: Decoding an Ancient Greek Mystery by Tony Freeth
One abstract booklet for the Athens Conference in 2006, published with the Cultural Foundation of the National Bank of Greece: Decoding the Antikythera Mechanism: Science and Technology in Ancient Greece.
We are expecting more publications in the near future, both from the AMRP and from scientific collaborators of the Research Project. This page will be regularly updated. You may also check the following page for an extensive list of publications on the Antikythera Mechanism and on the context of Ancient Astronomy and Technology: http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/bibliography
February 6, 2010ChristopherLeave a commentGo to comments
Rate This
The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project is an international collaboration of academic researchers, supported by some of the world’s best high-technology companies, which aims to completely reassess the function and significance of the Antikythera Mechanism.
Project Overview
More than a hundred years ago an extraordinary mechanism was found by sponge divers at the bottom of the sea near the island of Antikythera. It astonished the whole international community of experts on the ancient world. Was it an astrolabe? Was it an Orrery or an astronomical clock? Or something else?
For decades, scientific investigation failed to yield much light and relied more on imagination than the facts. However research over the last half century has begun to reveal its secrets. It dates from around the end of the 2nd century B.C. and is the most sophisticated mechanism known from the ancient world. Nothing as complex is known for the next thousand years. The Antikythera Mechanism is now understood to be dedicated to astronomical phenomena and operates as a complex mechanical "computer" which tracks the cycles of the Solar System.
Previous researchers have used the latest technologies available to them -such as x-ray analysis- to try to begin to unravel its complex mysteries. Now a new initiative is building on this previous work, using the very latest techniques available today. The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project is an international collaboration of academic researchers, supported by some of the world’s best high-technology companies, which aims to completely reassess the function and significance of the Antikythera Mechanism.
The project is under the aegis of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture and was initially supported by a grant from the Leverhulme Trust, UK. More details bout subsequent funding are here. The project has received strong backing from the National Archaeological Museum in Athens, which is custodian of this unique artifact. Two of the Museum’s senior staff, Head of Chemistry, Eleni Magou, and Archaeologist-museologist, Mary Zafeiropoulou, have co-ordinated the Museum’s side of the project and are actively involved with the research.
One UK and two Greek universities are the core of the academic research group -the astronomer Mike Edmunds and the mathematician and filmmaker Tony Freeth (University of Cardiff), the astronomer John Seiradakis (University of Thessalonica), the astronomer Xenophon Moussas and the physicist and historian of science Yanis Bitsakis (University of Athens). And last, but not least, the philologist and palaeographer Agamemnon Tselikas (NBG Cultural Foundation).
During the first data-gathering phase in the autumn of 2005, the most innovative technologies were used to reveal unknown elements of the mechanism. This research was carried out by two world-class high technology companies, Hewlett Packard (US) and X-Tek Systems (UK). X-Tek’s superb three-dimensional x-rays were imaged using software from the leading German company, Volume Graphics. Technical support was also provided by the University of Keele (UK). The whole process was filmed by Tony Freeth’s Film and Television production company, Images First, for a forthcoming TV documentary.
During September 2005, three specialized scientists from Hewlett-Packard’s Mobile and Media Systems Laboratory came to Athens with their innovative digital imaging system to examine the surface inscriptions and other features on the Antikythera Mechanism. The HP team, Tom Malzbender, Dan Gelb and Bill Ambrisco-brought with them a remarkable piece of specialist equipment: a Dome that surrounds the sample under examination and takes a series of still photos to analyze the three-dimensional structure of the surface. This enables astonishingly detailed examination of fine details such as faded and worn inscriptions. It has been a revelation for the research team. See here for this data.
During October 2005, another team of specialists from the cutting-edge company, X-Tek Systems, came to Athens. Led by the company’s pioneering proprietor, Roger Hadland, the group of experts consisted of David Bate, Andrew Ramsey, Martin Allen, Alan Crawley and Peter Hockley. Their aim was to use the very latest x-ray technology to look at the internal structure of the mechanism with its complex and confusing gear trains. With them they brought the prototype of a very powerful new x-ray machine, the eight-tonne "Bladerunner". Originally designed to search for minute cracks in turbine blades, this machine gives astonishingly detailed three-dimensional x-rays, using the latest "microfocus" x-ray techniques. It has opened a remarkable window on microscopic internal details of inscriptions and gearing at a resolution better than a tenth of a millimeter. Inscriptions can now be read that have not been seen for more than two thousand years and this is helping to build a comprehensive picture of the functions of the Antikythera Mechanism. Browse here some of the initial images from the Blade Runner.
This is work-in-progress and results are emerging on a stable basis as the data is analyzed.
The Data
The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project is providing definitive data on the three-dimensional structure of the Antikythera Mechanism and its surface inscriptions—to ensure indefinite conservation of the priceless information content of this spectacular artifact.
This data is available in a digital data archive for future researchers and we are confident that this will stimulate a new and more dynamic era in the history of research on this unique artifact.
More than one Terabyte of data (1000 Gigabytes) has been collected and processed. The data consists of:
- Digital photographs
- Surface imaging (PTMs)
- X-rays (2D and 3D)
Two data sets are available online:
1. The full resolution PTMs, at the HP Labs download page. 82 PTMs are available, from the 82 remaining fragments of the Mechanism (the number of PTMs, 82, is a coincidence, since some small fragments are grouped into a single PTM, and the larger fragments are imaged on more than one PTM per fragment. You can also browse a beautiful interactive relighting of the Mechanism here.
2. The Digital Radiographs of all the known remaining fragments of the Antikythera Mechanism, acquired by X-Tek Systems with the BladeRunner System, are available for viewing and download on the website of Shaw Inspection Systems (formerly X-Tek Industrial).
Extensive data from Computed Tomography (CT) can not be released online at this time, since the data sets are much too large. Researchers interested in accessing the CT data should contact the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project.
Some partial results can be browsed online:
1. Images from the data gathering phase, the people, and the Mechanism (CT slices, animations etc.)
2. Presentations in Athens, May 30 2006
3. Fragments, Glyphs & Inscriptions, Gears ("Nature" Supplementary Information and submitted version of the main article in November 2006)
Source: The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project
Publications
The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project (AMRP) publishes results on a stable basis, as data is processed and results are analyzed [last update: November 20, 2009].
The first article was published in "Nature" in 2006: Decoding the ancient Greek astronomical calculator known as the Antikythera Mechanism
Subsequently, a second article was published in "Nature" in 2008, whit authors being members of the research project and scientific collaborators from the field of history of astronomy: Calendars with Olympiad display and eclipse prediction on the Antikythera Mechanism
Before the creation of the AMRP, two members had already published scholarly articles on the Mechanism. The first was Mike Edmunds, in 2000:
The Antikythera Mechanism: still a mystery of Greek Astronomy.
Tony Freeth published two articles in 2002:
The Antikythera Mechanism: 1. Challenging the classic research
The Antikythera Mechanism: 2. Is it Posidonius’ orrery?
In 2009, Tony Freeth has also published this article in Scientific American, fifty years after Derek Price’s initial article in the same journal.
In addition to these, the AMRP published two booklets:
One catalogue to accompany an exhibition at the Whipple Museum of the History of Science, University of Cambridge, in July 2008: The Antikythera Mechansm: Decoding an Ancient Greek Mystery by Tony Freeth
One abstract booklet for the Athens Conference in 2006, published with the Cultural Foundation of the National Bank of Greece: Decoding the Antikythera Mechanism: Science and Technology in Ancient Greece.
We are expecting more publications in the near future, both from the AMRP and from scientific collaborators of the Research Project. This page will be regularly updated. You may also check the following page for an extensive list of publications on the Antikythera Mechanism and on the context of Ancient Astronomy and Technology: http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/bibliography
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